Presentation pitch will be presented in Powerpoint (slideshow)
Wednesday, 3 November 2010
Glossary
AUDIENCE
An audience is a gathering of people generally consist of the public who are interested in a certain form of information or entertainment. For example, an audience may attend a chat show where they are allowed to add their own opinions such as, voting.
ADVERTISING STANDARDS AUTHORITY (ASA)
The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) is the UK's independent regulator of advertising across all media, including TV, internet, sales promotions and direct marketing. Our role is to ensure ads are legal, decent, honest and truthful by applying the Advertising Codes.
BROADCASTERS AUDIENCE RESEARCH BOARD (BARB)
The Broadcasters' Audience Research Board (BARB) is the primary source of television audience data in the UK. They provide both quantitative and qualitative data concerning viewing of UK broadcasting. The BARB website provides basic information about their audience measurement service and about subscribing to the BARB service. The BARB site also contains latest news and a variety of statistics, including television ownership figures since the 1950s, annual share of viewing by different TV stations, weekly and monthly television viewing figures and graphs of viewing trends. A glossary of commonly used terms is also available.
The BBFC is a highly expert and experienced regulator of the moving image (especially film, video/DVD and video games), and also a service provider for new and developing media. The BBFC regulates not just as a statutory designated authority but also because they serve a socially useful function.
Through the efficient classification of the moving image into advisory and age-related categories, the provision of consumer advice and the maintenance of our archive: they give the public information that empowers them to make appropriate viewing decisions for themselves and those in their care. They help to protect vulnerable viewers and society from the effects of viewing potentially harmful or unsuitable content while respecting adult freedom of choice. They provide media industries with the security and confidence of cost-effective, publicly trusted regulation and help to protect providers of moving image content from inadvertent breaches of UK law.
They are able to assist Trading Standards officers in their enforcement role
They operate as an independent, self-financing regulator, they are mindful of our unique position and proud of the trust that our expertise and integrity have built with the industry and public. They are passionate about the moving image and balance our duty to protect with a respect for the right to freedom of expression.
They acknowledge and reflect the cultural diversity of the UK, and anticipate and embrace change. Throughout the BBFC, we value and respect the needs of stakeholders, promoting team work and long term commitment for all staff in an atmosphere of support and co-operation.
BROADCASTING
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. The audience may be the general public or a relatively large sub-audience, such as children or young adults.
COMPANY SIZE: MAJOR COMPANIES (TNC)
COMPANY SIZE: BIG TO MEDIUM SIZED
COMPANY SIZE: INDEPENDENT
CROSS MEDIA COMPANIES
Cross media marketing is a form of cross-promotion in which promotional companies commit to surpassing the traditional advertisements and decide to include extra appeals to their offered products. The material can be communicated by any mass media such as e-mails, letters, web pages, or other recruiting sources. This method can be extremely successful for publishers because the marketing increases the ad’s profit from a single advertiser. Furthermore, this tactic generates a good liaison between the advertiser and the publisher, which also boosts the profits.
HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION
Horizontal integration is a practice in business by which companies that produce a similar product or provide a similar service merge. Generally, a company will engage in horizontal integration to increase its share of the market for a certain kind of product or service. Such horizontal growth is an important part of the study of business and of microeconomics, and is also an important strategic management skill. If a business comes to control all production of a given product or service, it is said to have a horizontal monopoly.
Integration is considered horizontal only if all mergers and acquisitions are conducted at the same level of production. A car company that merges with another car company is engaging in horizontal integration, but a car company that purchases a refinery or a food chain is not. The goal of horizontal integration is not to control all aspects of production, from raw materials to the final product. It is, instead, to be able to produce a large number of the same product or similar products and to control a large share of the market.
INSTITUTION
NEW MEDIA INDUSTRY
NARROWCASTING
Narrowcasting is a catchall term used for communications such as radio or television signals that are limited to subscription customers or otherwise prohibited from being broadcast. Broadcasts are transmitted to the general public, available for any general receiver with the capability to capture the signal(s). Narrowcasting is directed to a particular audience via proprietary equipment and encryption, or by some other discriminatory means.
One of the most common examples of narrowcasting is cable TV. The encrypted signals can only be viewed on a TV by first running through a descrambler provided by the cable company for a monthly fee.
Another example of narrowcasting is satellite radio. Satellite radio is commercial-free radio, requiring a proprietary receiver or tuner. Satellite radio is also a paid subscription service, but narrowcasting doesn’t always involve a fee.
NATIONAL READERSHIP SURVEY (NRS)
National Readership Survey provide estimates of the readership of Britain’s major newspapers and consumer magazines, showing the size and nature of the audiences they achieve, the survey covers some over 250 newspapers, newspaper supplements and magazines. Their research methods are jointly agreed by publishers, advertising agencies and advertisers. They conduct our survey to the highest technical standards at the lowest possible cost (a non-profit organisation).
OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS (OFCOM)
Ofcom is the communications regulator. They regulate the TV and radio sectors, fixed line telecoms and mobiles, plus the airwaves over which wireless devices operate and make sure that people in the UK get the best from their communications services and are protected from scams and sharp practices, while ensuring that competition can thrive.
Ofcom operates under the Communications Act 2003. This detailed Act of Parliament spells out exactly what Ofcom should do they can do no more or no less than is spelt out in the Act. The Act says that Ofcom’s general duties should be to further the interests of citizens and of consumers. Meeting these two duties is at the heart of everything they do. Accountable to Parliament, Ofcom are involved in advising and setting some of the more technical aspects of regulation, implementing and enforcing the law. Ofcom is funded by fees from industry for regulating broadcasting and communications networks, and grant-in-aid from the Government.
Their main legal duties are to ensure: the UK has a wide range of electronic communications services, including high-speed services such as broadband; A wide range of high-quality television and radio programmes are provided, appealing to a range of tastes and interests; Television and radio services are provided by a range of different organisations; People who watch television and listen to the radio are protected from harmful or offensive material; People are protected from being treated unfairly in television and radio programmes, and from having their privacy invaded; and the radio spectrum (the airwaves used by everyone from taxi firms and boat owners, to mobile-phone companies and broadcasters) is used in the most effective way.
PRESS COMPLAINTS COMMISSION (PCC)
The Press Complaints Commission is an independent body which deals with complaints from members of the public about the editorial content of newspapers and magazines. Their service to the public is free, quick and easy. They aim to deal with most complaints in just 35 working days - and there is absolutely no cost to the people complaining.
Of the complaints received that are specified under the terms of the Code of Practice approximately two in three are about accuracy in reporting and approximately one in five relate to intrusion into privacy of some sort. All complaints are investigated under the editors' Code of Practice, which binds all national and regional newspapers and magazines. The Code - drawn up by editors themselves - covers the way in which news is gathered and reported. It also provides special protection to particularly vulnerable groups of people such as children, hospital patients and those at risk of discrimination.
Their main aim with any complaint which raises a possible breach of the Code of Practice is always to resolve it as quickly as possible. Because of their success in this, the Commission had to adjudicate on only 39 complaints in 2009. That is a sign not of the weakness of self regulation - but its strength. All those which were critical of a newspaper were published in full and with due prominence by the publication concerned.
As well as dealing with complaints, the PCC deals with a substantial number of calls from members of the public about their service and about the Code. In 2009 we dealt with approximately 37,000 enquiries by telephone, fax and email. This is an encouraging sign of the accessibility of the Commission to members of the public.
PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
Private Ownership is a situation in which a company is owned by private stockholders, as opposed to being owned by a government.
PUBLIC OWNERSHIP
Public Ownership is either a Government ownership and an operation of a productive facility for the purposes of providing some goods or services to citizens; or in investments, portion of a corporations stock that is publicly traded and owned in the open market.
Government ownership and operation of a productive facility for the purpose of providing some good or service to citizens. The government supplies the capital, controls management, sets prices, and generally absorbs all risks and reaps all profits-similar to a private enterprise. When public ownership displaces private ownership in a particular instance, it is called Nationalization.
PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING
Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) is broadcasting made, financed and controlled by the public, for the public. It is neither commercial nor state-owned, free from political interference and pressure from commercial forces. Through PSB, citizens are informed, educated and also entertained. When guaranteed with pluralism, programming diversity, editorial independence, appropriate funding, accountability and transparency, public service broadcasting can serve as a cornerstone of democracy.
REGULATORY BODY
An independent organization, usually established by government, that regulates the activities of companies in an industry.
SELF-REGULATORY BODY
VERTICAL INTEGRATION
Vertical integration is integration along a supply chain. For example, if a retailer starts manufacturing the products it sells, it is increasing its level of vertical integration. Vertical integration may be backward or forward.
The advantages of vertical integration include the ability to secure supplies and future orders. This can also mean that the parts of the business sheltered from competition can become less efficient as they are no longer subject to the discipline of competing in an open market. Vertical integration is most often justifiable where it leads to either operational efficiencies or some other source of strategic advantage.
Businesses have increasingly moved to outsourcing many functions. This is often a significant move away from vertical integration: for example the separation of design and marketing from manufacturing that has occurred in electronics.
Vertical integration can affect profit and margins at all levels. Gross profit, in particular, tends to grow with vertical integration, simply because it excludes so many costs. Even without any cost saving synergies, the gross profit of a vertically integrated business should be the sum of the gross profits of each part.
An audience is a gathering of people generally consist of the public who are interested in a certain form of information or entertainment. For example, an audience may attend a chat show where they are allowed to add their own opinions such as, voting.
ADVERTISING STANDARDS AUTHORITY (ASA)
The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) is the UK's independent regulator of advertising across all media, including TV, internet, sales promotions and direct marketing. Our role is to ensure ads are legal, decent, honest and truthful by applying the Advertising Codes.
BROADCASTERS AUDIENCE RESEARCH BOARD (BARB)
The Broadcasters' Audience Research Board (BARB) is the primary source of television audience data in the UK. They provide both quantitative and qualitative data concerning viewing of UK broadcasting. The BARB website provides basic information about their audience measurement service and about subscribing to the BARB service. The BARB site also contains latest news and a variety of statistics, including television ownership figures since the 1950s, annual share of viewing by different TV stations, weekly and monthly television viewing figures and graphs of viewing trends. A glossary of commonly used terms is also available.
The BBFC is a highly expert and experienced regulator of the moving image (especially film, video/DVD and video games), and also a service provider for new and developing media. The BBFC regulates not just as a statutory designated authority but also because they serve a socially useful function.
Through the efficient classification of the moving image into advisory and age-related categories, the provision of consumer advice and the maintenance of our archive: they give the public information that empowers them to make appropriate viewing decisions for themselves and those in their care. They help to protect vulnerable viewers and society from the effects of viewing potentially harmful or unsuitable content while respecting adult freedom of choice. They provide media industries with the security and confidence of cost-effective, publicly trusted regulation and help to protect providers of moving image content from inadvertent breaches of UK law.
They are able to assist Trading Standards officers in their enforcement role
They operate as an independent, self-financing regulator, they are mindful of our unique position and proud of the trust that our expertise and integrity have built with the industry and public. They are passionate about the moving image and balance our duty to protect with a respect for the right to freedom of expression.
They acknowledge and reflect the cultural diversity of the UK, and anticipate and embrace change. Throughout the BBFC, we value and respect the needs of stakeholders, promoting team work and long term commitment for all staff in an atmosphere of support and co-operation.
BROADCASTING
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. The audience may be the general public or a relatively large sub-audience, such as children or young adults.
COMPANY SIZE: MAJOR COMPANIES (TNC)
COMPANY SIZE: BIG TO MEDIUM SIZED
COMPANY SIZE: INDEPENDENT
CROSS MEDIA COMPANIES
Cross media marketing is a form of cross-promotion in which promotional companies commit to surpassing the traditional advertisements and decide to include extra appeals to their offered products. The material can be communicated by any mass media such as e-mails, letters, web pages, or other recruiting sources. This method can be extremely successful for publishers because the marketing increases the ad’s profit from a single advertiser. Furthermore, this tactic generates a good liaison between the advertiser and the publisher, which also boosts the profits.
HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION
Horizontal integration is a practice in business by which companies that produce a similar product or provide a similar service merge. Generally, a company will engage in horizontal integration to increase its share of the market for a certain kind of product or service. Such horizontal growth is an important part of the study of business and of microeconomics, and is also an important strategic management skill. If a business comes to control all production of a given product or service, it is said to have a horizontal monopoly.
Integration is considered horizontal only if all mergers and acquisitions are conducted at the same level of production. A car company that merges with another car company is engaging in horizontal integration, but a car company that purchases a refinery or a food chain is not. The goal of horizontal integration is not to control all aspects of production, from raw materials to the final product. It is, instead, to be able to produce a large number of the same product or similar products and to control a large share of the market.
INSTITUTION
NEW MEDIA INDUSTRY
NARROWCASTING
Narrowcasting is a catchall term used for communications such as radio or television signals that are limited to subscription customers or otherwise prohibited from being broadcast. Broadcasts are transmitted to the general public, available for any general receiver with the capability to capture the signal(s). Narrowcasting is directed to a particular audience via proprietary equipment and encryption, or by some other discriminatory means.
One of the most common examples of narrowcasting is cable TV. The encrypted signals can only be viewed on a TV by first running through a descrambler provided by the cable company for a monthly fee.
Another example of narrowcasting is satellite radio. Satellite radio is commercial-free radio, requiring a proprietary receiver or tuner. Satellite radio is also a paid subscription service, but narrowcasting doesn’t always involve a fee.
NATIONAL READERSHIP SURVEY (NRS)
National Readership Survey provide estimates of the readership of Britain’s major newspapers and consumer magazines, showing the size and nature of the audiences they achieve, the survey covers some over 250 newspapers, newspaper supplements and magazines. Their research methods are jointly agreed by publishers, advertising agencies and advertisers. They conduct our survey to the highest technical standards at the lowest possible cost (a non-profit organisation).
OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS (OFCOM)
Ofcom is the communications regulator. They regulate the TV and radio sectors, fixed line telecoms and mobiles, plus the airwaves over which wireless devices operate and make sure that people in the UK get the best from their communications services and are protected from scams and sharp practices, while ensuring that competition can thrive.
Ofcom operates under the Communications Act 2003. This detailed Act of Parliament spells out exactly what Ofcom should do they can do no more or no less than is spelt out in the Act. The Act says that Ofcom’s general duties should be to further the interests of citizens and of consumers. Meeting these two duties is at the heart of everything they do. Accountable to Parliament, Ofcom are involved in advising and setting some of the more technical aspects of regulation, implementing and enforcing the law. Ofcom is funded by fees from industry for regulating broadcasting and communications networks, and grant-in-aid from the Government.
Their main legal duties are to ensure: the UK has a wide range of electronic communications services, including high-speed services such as broadband; A wide range of high-quality television and radio programmes are provided, appealing to a range of tastes and interests; Television and radio services are provided by a range of different organisations; People who watch television and listen to the radio are protected from harmful or offensive material; People are protected from being treated unfairly in television and radio programmes, and from having their privacy invaded; and the radio spectrum (the airwaves used by everyone from taxi firms and boat owners, to mobile-phone companies and broadcasters) is used in the most effective way.
PRESS COMPLAINTS COMMISSION (PCC)
The Press Complaints Commission is an independent body which deals with complaints from members of the public about the editorial content of newspapers and magazines. Their service to the public is free, quick and easy. They aim to deal with most complaints in just 35 working days - and there is absolutely no cost to the people complaining.
Of the complaints received that are specified under the terms of the Code of Practice approximately two in three are about accuracy in reporting and approximately one in five relate to intrusion into privacy of some sort. All complaints are investigated under the editors' Code of Practice, which binds all national and regional newspapers and magazines. The Code - drawn up by editors themselves - covers the way in which news is gathered and reported. It also provides special protection to particularly vulnerable groups of people such as children, hospital patients and those at risk of discrimination.
Their main aim with any complaint which raises a possible breach of the Code of Practice is always to resolve it as quickly as possible. Because of their success in this, the Commission had to adjudicate on only 39 complaints in 2009. That is a sign not of the weakness of self regulation - but its strength. All those which were critical of a newspaper were published in full and with due prominence by the publication concerned.
As well as dealing with complaints, the PCC deals with a substantial number of calls from members of the public about their service and about the Code. In 2009 we dealt with approximately 37,000 enquiries by telephone, fax and email. This is an encouraging sign of the accessibility of the Commission to members of the public.
PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
Private Ownership is a situation in which a company is owned by private stockholders, as opposed to being owned by a government.
PUBLIC OWNERSHIP
Public Ownership is either a Government ownership and an operation of a productive facility for the purposes of providing some goods or services to citizens; or in investments, portion of a corporations stock that is publicly traded and owned in the open market.
Government ownership and operation of a productive facility for the purpose of providing some good or service to citizens. The government supplies the capital, controls management, sets prices, and generally absorbs all risks and reaps all profits-similar to a private enterprise. When public ownership displaces private ownership in a particular instance, it is called Nationalization.
PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING
Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) is broadcasting made, financed and controlled by the public, for the public. It is neither commercial nor state-owned, free from political interference and pressure from commercial forces. Through PSB, citizens are informed, educated and also entertained. When guaranteed with pluralism, programming diversity, editorial independence, appropriate funding, accountability and transparency, public service broadcasting can serve as a cornerstone of democracy.
REGULATORY BODY
An independent organization, usually established by government, that regulates the activities of companies in an industry.
SELF-REGULATORY BODY
VERTICAL INTEGRATION
Vertical integration is integration along a supply chain. For example, if a retailer starts manufacturing the products it sells, it is increasing its level of vertical integration. Vertical integration may be backward or forward.
The advantages of vertical integration include the ability to secure supplies and future orders. This can also mean that the parts of the business sheltered from competition can become less efficient as they are no longer subject to the discipline of competing in an open market. Vertical integration is most often justifiable where it leads to either operational efficiencies or some other source of strategic advantage.
Businesses have increasingly moved to outsourcing many functions. This is often a significant move away from vertical integration: for example the separation of design and marketing from manufacturing that has occurred in electronics.
Vertical integration can affect profit and margins at all levels. Gross profit, in particular, tends to grow with vertical integration, simply because it excludes so many costs. Even without any cost saving synergies, the gross profit of a vertically integrated business should be the sum of the gross profits of each part.
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